Ancient DNA reveals genetic exchange in the Hehuang valley in the context of demic diffusion during the Han dynasty

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Han dynasty Hehuang valley ancient DNA shows genetic exchange during demic diffusion.

This study uses ancient DNA from seven Han dynasty individuals in the Hehuang valley to explore genetic exchange during a period of population movement. The Y-chromosome results reveal a dominant paternal lineage, O-TYT146050, along with N-F1998 and O-Y169696, while mitochondrial DNA shows a mix of lineages including G2b1b, A24, R-a, Z3, and D4a3b2. These findings suggest that the Hehuang valley was a contact zone where local and incoming groups intermingled, supporting the idea of demic diffusion during the Han dynasty.

• Seven Han dynasty individuals from the Hehuang valley were analyzed, all culturally associated with the Han dynasty.
• Paternal lineages are dominated by O-TYT146050 (3/5 resolved), with N-F1998 and O-Y169696 also present.
• Maternal lineages are diverse, including G2b1b, A24, R-a, Z3, and D4a3b2, indicating genetic exchange.

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The sample includes seven ancient individuals from the Hehuang valley, all dated to the Han dynasty. Y-chromosome haplogroups were resolved for five individuals: three carry O-TYT146050, one carries N-F1998, and one carries O-Y169696. Mitochondrial DNA was successfully typed for all seven, revealing two individuals each with G2b1b and A24, and one each with R-a, Z3, and D4a3b2. This small but informative dataset provides a snapshot of genetic diversity in the region during a key period of population interaction.

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For ancestry enthusiasts, this study highlights the Hehuang valley as a dynamic contact zone during the Han dynasty, where paternal and maternal lineages mixed. It offers concrete ancient DNA evidence for demic diffusion and genetic exchange, enriching our understanding of how historical population movements shaped the genetic landscape of northwestern China.