皮亞斯特王朝古DNA揭密:統治者可能來自西北歐。
研究團隊在波蘭八處墓地找到33具疑似皮亞斯特王朝遺骸,並以古基因組學確認其中10具身分。他們據此推算出橫跨10個歐洲王室、逾200位歷史人物的粒線體單倍群。皮亞斯特的Y染色體譜系為R1b-BY3549,今日罕見,卻與古代法國、荷蘭、英格蘭的三名個體相同,暗示王朝可能源自西北歐而非本地。
站內樣本統計顯示,30例樣本中有27例可解析Y染色體,父系幾乎全屬R系,以R-Y22809、R-L51、R-L20、R-P312、R-P310、R-YP6048各2例為主,另有R-U152與J-Y22662各1例。粒線體僅3例標示N/A,尚無有效母系資料。整體父系多樣性偏高,與論文所述皮亞斯特核心Y譜系R1b-BY3549並不完全一致,解讀時須留意樣本代表性。
對祖源愛好者而言,這說明王室父系未必等於當地主流,R1b-BY3549這類罕見支系可作為追蹤中東歐國家形成與外來精英流動的線索,也提醒單一墓地或少量樣本不足以代表整個王朝。
| 單倍群 | 現代人 | |
|---|---|---|
| R-L20 | 2 | |
| R-P312 | 2 | |
| R-P310 | 2 | |
| R-YP6048 | 2 | |
| R-Y22809 | 2 | |
| R-L51 | 2 | |
| J-Z600 | 1 | |
| J-Z39986 | 1 | |
| R-BY30698 | 1 | |
| R-Y78850 | 1 | |
| R-L23 | 1 | |
| R-P297 | 1 |
| 樣本 | Y-DNA | mtDNA | 文化 / 時期 |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCA0657 | R-P312 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0656 | R-L23 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0658 | R-L20 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0659 | R-L51 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0660 | R-Y22809 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0663 | R-YP6048 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0665 | R-P310 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0250B | I-Z59 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0251 | R-BY30698 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |
| PCA0252 | J-Z600 | — | · the 10th to the 14th century |