The emergence of new political and social structures in Western and Central Europe during the transition from Antiquity to the Middle Ages has long be…
The deep-water Wallace’s line marks a major biogeographic boundary separating western and eastern Indonesia, yet the origin of this genetic divide rem…
The Xianbei confederation was the most powerful among the many historically documented nomadic groups to emerge in northern China. It played a pivotal…
Great Scythia was the ancient Greek name for the area stretching from the northern Black Sea coast to the Middle Don. Using high-quality genomic data …
The second half of the first millennium ce in Central and Eastern Europe was accompanied by fundamental cultural and political transformations. This p…
The Shatuo Turks played a pivotal role in late Tang and Five Dynasties China. However, similar to other Turkic groups, the genetic history and populat…
The North Eurasian forest and forest-steppe zones have sustained millennia of sociocultural connections among northern peoples, but much of their hist…
The Tang Dynasty (618–907 CE) witnessed extensive trans-Eurasian exchange along its northern frontier, yet the social mechanisms mediating this integr…
Ancient Egyptian society flourished for millennia, reaching its peak during the Dynastic period (~3,150-30 BCE). However, due to poor DNA preservation…
How agriculture emerged in East Asia and the demographic and social dynamics associated with this transition remain incompletely understood. Here, we …
This paper tracks long-distance migration on the Pacific coast that began no later than the thirteenth century CE. Genome-wide data for all 21 sampled…